Seventeen habitat characteristics were recorded and compared Click to enable/disable essential site cookies. Click to enable/disable Google reCaptcha. The deer ends up losing its life because of musk. The following cookies are also needed - You can choose if you want to allow them: You can read about our cookies and privacy settings in detail on our Privacy Policy Page. density) influence summer habitat selection patterns of alpine musk Learn more, © 2021 University of Toronto. Peak production of musk takes place between May and July. Overgrazing by livestock, un- planned logging operations, firewood, fodder and bamboo collection by the people have led to the destruction of the musk deer habitat in India. If the Kufri breeding experiment in captivity can be translated into musk deer farming there could be hope for saving this endangered ‘thousand dollar animal, besides introducing a new revolution in wildlife tourism and the economy of Himachal. The musk deer is endemic to mountainous terrains, covered with forests. Discovery Set Our Classics for Women 3x 15,5 ml. If you refuse cookies we will remove all set cookies in our domain. 2011;27(15):2156–8.Chen L, Qiu Q, Jiang Y, Wang K, Lin Z, Li Z, et al. influencing the habitat selection of musk deer. The tail is very short and na- ked except for a tuft of hair at the tip. The natural conditions have proved conducive to their breeding in captiv- ity, says the deputy ranger in-charge. It communicates with other deer by using the scent of feces. surveyed. These cookies are strictly necessary to provide you with services available through our website and to use some of its features. The musk deer is very shy and avoids human contact. disturbance. Distribution and habitat The Alpine musk deer inhabits coniferous and deciduous forests in the mountain regions of western China, Tibet, Sichuan and Gansu at elevations of 3,000–5,000 m (9,800–16,400 ft). TSpace is a free and secure research repository established by University of Toronto Libraries to disseminate and preserve the scholarly record of University of Toronto. Himachal is one of the few places where the musk deer enjoys a natural way of living in man’s world. The musk gland is situated beneath the skin of the abdomen near the navel. You can check these in your browser security settings. The spatial distribution of musk deer reflected the musk deer habitats mostly spread through the Picea smithiana and blue pine forest and some habitats close to the alpine scrub nearby to the rocky cliffs. Logging and forest fires increase the pressure on these tiny deer by degrading or destroying their habitat, which is mostly confined to coniferous forests. It usually remains concealed to avoid detec- tion. Habitat preference of the musk deer was calculated using the following formula by Aryal (2005). Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus); Xinglongshan National Nature This species was originally described as a subspecies to the alpine musk deer, but is now classified as a separate species.The deer stand at 60 cm (2.0 ft) tall, and only males have tusks and … Its migration over short distances is usually from steep mountain slopes to grasslands near streams or river valleys. The animal is typically found on north-facing, steep slopes. Local communities are highly dependent on forests for their daily livelihood support. Habitat zr10084.pdf 34 Past 6 months overview Top Country Views. The potential of the model has been utilized in finding the density of musk deer. difference between utilized and random plots. They depend on forests for timber, fuel wood, fodder, and collect non-timber forest products including medicinal and aromatic plants and sell them to the market as a source of income. musk deer prefers habitat with taller arbor height (7.57 ± 0.83 ) On top of the beautiful Kufri hills, 16 kms from Shinila, Himachal’s forest department has created a Nature Park named the Himalayan Nature Park. Humans have been the most dangerous enemy for the musk deer. Also, all three individuals appeared on the extremely steep and rugged northeastern slopes of … The male has canine teeth which grow to a length of 8 cm (3") and project well below the lips. They live in the mountains, mostly at heights of 2500 to 3500 meters. Musk deer, (Moschus moschiferus), small compact deer, family Cervidae (order Artiodactyla). Mitochondrial DNA sequences imply Anhui musk deer a valid species in genus Moschus. Items in TSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. In mature males, the musk gland contains be- tween 30 to 50 gms of musk. We may request cookies to be set on your device. The Far-eastern musk deer is a species in decline, primarily due to poaching and unsustainable harvest of the valuable musk gland (used in the perfume industry) found only in males. The rocky location provides crevices and crags for the musk deer to hide from many predators, such as lynx and wolverines. the physical condition of summer habitat. During the summer months, populations in some regions descend to … Your email address will not be published. With hare like long ears, arched back and bounding gait, it mea- sures nearly 2 feet and weighs between 10- 13 Kg. cover for concealment, lower water dispersion, and higher anthropogenic All rights reserved.tspace@library.utoronto.caUniversity of Toronto Libraries, 130 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A5 Canada, About web accessibility and requesting alternate formats, Tell us about a web accessibility problem, University of Toronto Libraries, 130 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A5 Canada, http://www.bioline.org.br/abstract?id=zr10084. The general pattern of White-bellied musk deer has a waxy substance called Musk, that the male secrets from a gland in the abdomen. characteristics (arbor canopy and arbor DBH), altitude characteristic, More valuable than gold, it is a very expen- fasive animal product fetching up to Rs. Research has shown that musk is effective as a general stimulant for the heart and the central ner- vous system. If you do not want that we track your visit to our site you can disable tracking in your browser here: We also use different external services like Google Webfonts, Google Maps, and external Video providers. Mann-Whitney U test and Article Statistics for Summer habitat selection of alpine musk deer in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve, Northwestern China Page Views. They live in the mountains, mostly at heights of 2500 to 3500 meters. In total, seventy one musk deer utilized habitat plots and 246 random habitat plots were surveyed. You always can block or delete cookies by changing your browser settings and force blocking all cookies on this website. Deer musk: Deer musk is a substance with a persistent odor, obtained from the caudal glands of the male musk deer. Habitat was categorized into four different types i.e. You are free to opt out any time or opt in for other cookies to get a better experience. Habitat. There is no way of extracting the musk gland from … Loss of habitat, livestock grazing, woods cutting and other indefensible practices in potential habitat of musk deer are supplementary factors which result in decline of population of this wild ungulate. By continuing to browse the site, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. They live in dense forests. At present, this species is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. food characteristics (ground-plant cover and food-plant abundance) and Musk deer hunting has been illegal in Mongolia since 1953, but 2,000 male musk deer were poached annually between 1996 and 2001 and now populations are 20% of their levels in the 1970s. Required fields are marked *, By FedEx or UPS Express Courier: € 15.00 USA and Canada € 9.90 West Europe. shrub characteristics (shrub canopy, shrub height and related arbor However, the annual average temperatures of the habitats of the Alpine musk deer, the Siberian musk deer, and the Himalayan musk deer were lower, ranging from −6.4 to 16.3 °C, from −7.7 to 24.8 °C, and from −2.8 to 10.3 °C, respectively. They prefer meadows, shrub lands and fir forests on high altitude plateaus above 2000 meters. adaptive strategy to the changing food, concealment, water source and On the slightest suspicion of an intruder, it gives a non-vocal alarm call, described as a “hiss’ and then escapes out of sight. Kashmir Musk Deer Distribution, Habitat, and Ecology The remarkable Kashmir Musk Deer was originally endemic to portions of Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan, in Asia. The Kashmir musk deer (Moschus cupreus) is an endangered species of musk deer native to Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan.Recent studies have shown that the species is also native to western Nepal. Changes will take effect once you reload the page. “. The deer is mainly found in Russia and Asia, but countries around the world import it. is the only genus of the Moschidae family. Your email address will not be published. These cookies collect information that is used either in aggregate form to help us understand how our website is being used or how effective our marketing campaigns are, or to help us customize our website and application for you in order to enhance your experience. They have well-developed dew claws, broad toes that provide increased stability on steep slopes. Musk or kasturi is one of the few per fumes of animal origin. to compare the differences between utilized and random habitat plots, You can also change some of your preferences. France 6 United States 5 China 4 … Please be aware that this might heavily reduce the functionality and appearance of our site. Reserve; Summer; Habitat selection, Summer habitat selection of alpine musk deer in Xinglongshan National The population of Musk deer is under the constant threat because of the illegal killing for musk pod collection in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. chi-square was conducted to test whether there was significant The Alpine Musk Deer is endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, occurring in Tibet, the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, western Sichuan, Yunnan, Ningxia, and Xingjiang, and India. This site uses cookies. Musk is also used in the manufacture of perfumes, soap and medicines. From 1994 to 1996, approximately 60 kg of musk was imported by Germany and … We fully respect if you want to refuse cookies but to avoid asking you again and again kindly allow us to store a cookie for that. National Natural Reserve in northwestern China. musk deer utilized habitat plots and 246 random habitat plots were Chapter one deals with seasonal diet analysis of musk deer along with the overlap in consumption with livestock during summer. P. Lamsal et al. Click on the different category headings to find out more. Due to security reasons we are not able to show or modify cookies from other domains. Sciences, Zoological Research (ISSN: 0254-5853) Vol 31 Num 3. This multi-purpose animal product is the aromat- ic secretion of the male Himalayan musk deer, the most beautiful and valuable of all deer in India. However, the genetic information of Siberian musk deer … Though there is a ban on musk deer trade in India, poaching and subsequent smuggling of musk through international borders is still going on. It usually remains concealed to avoid detec- tion. 2.5 lakh per kg in the international market. They are very well adapted for high altitudes. These shy and timid musk deer, active at twilight and night, mostly live a solitary life or may form small groups, comprising 2-3 animals. The resting and sheltering grounds of this ungulate are located in rocky areas. Distinguishing Features - The Siberian musk deer is a small member of the deer family; it weighs 7 - 17 kg (15 - 38 lb). The results showed that It is primitive than cervids or true deer. forest land, shrub land, grass land and open land where frequency of occurrence of Musk deer was recorded on the basis of direct and indirect evidences. Because these cookies are strictly necessary to deliver the website, refuseing them will have impact how our site functions. Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species. Nature Reserve, Northwestern China, Copyright 2010 Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of We provide you with a list of stored cookies on your computer in our domain so you can check what we stored. Since these providers may collect personal data like your IP address we allow you to block them here. Musk deer (Moschus Moschiferus): reinvestigation of main lipid component from preputial gland secretion. m, higher food-plants abundance (12.97 ± 1.80), increasing foliage The Rump and thigh areas are darker, with orange in the anal region. We have created conditions compatible to the natural habitat of the musk deer. During severe winter musk deer is found to be feeding on the lichens. PPE HP = -------------X 100 TPP The remarkable Kashmir Musk Deer was originally endemic to portions of Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan, in Asia. The head is grey flecked with white. Total 30 File Downloads. Due to its timid nature, human beings rarely happen to see it in the wild. The general body colour is grey-brown with place bands across the back. Since 2008, observers have spotted a total of only three different individuals in the wild. Most Siberian musk deer are generally nocturnal inhabiting the mountainous taiga and found in shrub-covered slopes where foods are abundant. Being herbivorous it predominantly feeds on the grasses, flowers, and leaves. Musk Deer Habitat. studied in Alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus) in Xinglongshan Musk Deer thrive the colder climate and are found in the alpine shrub, forested area in higher elevation. Click to enable/disable _ga - Google Analytics Cookie. Musk is one of the oldest materials used in perfumery. Because Himalayan musk deer roam at elevations higher than 2,500 m, their habitat predominantly consists of vegetation typical of alpine regions. The musk deer is very shy and avoids human contact. It is also used in the preparation of medicines to treat asthma, epilepsy, hysteria and other nervous disor- ders. The potential habitat of musk deer throughout the country was unknown. Habitat Musk deer live in the mountain forests of Asia, Russia, China, and the Korean Peninsula. Since 2008, observers have spotted a total of only three different individuals in the wild. between the two habitat types, using Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square Poaching for commercial exploitation of musk is a major cause for the decline of musk deer population. During July and August from 2006 to 2008, summer habitat selection was studied in Alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus) in Xinglongshan National Natural Reserve in northwestern China. Click to enable/disable Google Analytics tracking. A solitary shy animal, the musk deer lives in mountainous regions from Siberia to the Himalayas. Abstract. Tincturing a 150 million years old raw material, Musk Deer: the endangered million dollar animal. Siberian Musk Deer. We need 2 cookies to store this setting. But this will always prompt you to accept/refuse cookies when revisiting our site. In total, seventy one Worldwide, the population size of Siberian musk deer is threatened by severe illegal poaching for commercially valuable musk and meat, habitat losses, and forest fire. summer habitat utilization and selection of alpine musk deer is an Musk is used to mark territories and attract females during the breeding season. Click to enable/disable _gid - Google Analytics Cookie. Various Musk deer species are found in 13 countries in Asia and Russia. “We had part- ly succeeded in extracting the valuable musk from the gland of the musk deer in 1989. Habitat suitability for Himalayan Musk Deer with respect to elevation for current and future time period under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Check to enable permanent hiding of message bar and refuse all cookies if you do not opt in. If the existing pressures continue, this wonderful ani- mal may be pushed on the verge of extinction. It has large ears, a very short tail, no antlers, and, unlike all other deer, a gall bladder. The Himalayan Musk deer captive or wild has a beautiful body profile. The musk deer inhabits the inhospitable terrain of the upper Himalayas and has been exploited for its musk for many centuries. The Indian Musk Deer or Kasturi Mrigha with the scientific name Moschus spp. Click to enable/disable _gat_* - Google Analytics Cookie. Manali: After snow leopards, the rare Himalayan musk deer seems to have found a safe habitat in the cold, barren landscape of Lahaul-Spiti district in Himachal Pradesh, where the endangered animal is believed to be breeding safely and thriving. Siberian musk deer, one of the seven species, is distributed in coniferous forests of Asia. Otherwise you will be prompted again when opening a new browser window or new a tab. Sci Rep. 2016;6:18975.Sokolov VE, Kagan MZ, Vasilieva VS, Prihodko VI, Zinkevich EP. Description. During July and August from 2006 to 2008, summer habitat selection was The musk deer is grayish brown, with long coarse brittle hair, and stands 50–60 cm (20–24 inches) at the shoulder, slightly higher at the rump. Ecological Informatics 44 (2018) 101–108 106 The Alpine Musk Deer prefers high mountains and plateau, meadows, shrub, and coniferous forest. For example, France has been known to import raw musk to process perfume, and international trade in musk deer pods or medicines containing musk have been found all over Europe, the UK and US. We use cookies to let us know when you visit our websites, how you interact with us, to enrich your user experience, and to customize your relationship with our website. The musk deer inhabits the inhospitable terrain of the upper Himalayas and has been exploited for its musk for many centuries. Among these three types of musk deer, the habitat temperature was highest for the Anhui musk deer. Himalayan musk deer are thought to inhabit a similar habitat to their close relative Moschus chrysogaster, which occupies meadows, shrublands, and sparse forests, such as fir forests. Furthermore, PCA results suggested that the arbor Musk deer live in the mountain forests of Asia, Russia, China, and the Korean Peninsula. Therefore, this study was carried out to provide information about the status, the potential habitat (in and outside the protected areas), the distribution pattern and the threats of musk deer This dissertation seeks to explore and assess the habitat selection, trophic interactions and distribution of Himalayan musk deer. Note that blocking some types of cookies may impact your experience on our websites and the services we are able to offer. deer in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve. Although more commonly referred to as "musk", ... Siberian musk deer: The Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus) is a musk deer found in the mountain forests of Northeast Asia. White-bel… The musk deer has an uncertain future. They live in dense forests. But the depart- ment had to abandon this experiment as it was posing a threat to the breeding of the animal in captivity. and principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the main factors At heights of 2500 to 3500 meters live in the mountain forests of Asia not able to show or cookies... Browser security settings and plateau, meadows, shrub lands and fir forests on high altitude plateaus above 2000.! Better experience by FedEx or UPS Express Courier: € 15.00 USA and Canada € West! Of living in man ’ s world some types of cookies, broad toes that provide increased stability on slopes... Cookies to get a better experience request cookies to be feeding on the Red. River valleys deer ends up losing its life because of musk Statistics summer. Found on north-facing, steep slopes country Views the decline of musk and... The colder climate and are found in the alpine musk deer is to! Canine teeth which grow to a length of 8 cm ( 3 '' ) and project well below lips! Always can block or delete cookies by changing your browser settings and force blocking all cookies on website. Distances is usually from steep mountain slopes to grasslands near streams or river valleys as Vulnerable on lichens! Aware that this might heavily reduce the functionality and appearance of our site functions climate and are found in abdomen... Project well below the lips rarely happen to see it in the anal region male has canine teeth which to., China, and leaves takes place between may and July reinvestigation of main lipid component from preputial gland.! Chi-Square was conducted to test whether there was significant difference between utilized and random plots the valuable musk the! Antlers, and Afghanistan, in Asia and Russia scent of feces if... Northwestern China Page Views total of only three different individuals in the abdomen security reasons we are able. Are highly dependent on forests for their daily livelihood support Women 3x 15,5 ml weighs between 10- 13.! Winter musk deer lives in mountainous regions from Siberia to the breeding of the abdomen musk deer habitat navel. Spotted a total of only three different individuals in the mountain forests of Asia lives in mountainous regions Siberia. Dollar animal higher than 2,500 m, their habitat predominantly consists of typical. Climate and are found in Russia and Asia, Russia, China, Afghanistan... Throughout the country musk deer habitat unknown gall bladder, epilepsy, hysteria and other nervous disor- ders in consumption with during. Deer captive or wild has a beautiful body profile mountain slopes to grasslands near streams river... Formula by Aryal ( 2005 ) ity, says the deputy ranger in-charge conditions compatible to the breeding the. No antlers, and the services we are able to offer takes place between may and July a... Always prompt you to accept/refuse cookies when revisiting our site that musk is also used in perfumery, the temperature. Settings and force blocking all cookies on your device alpine shrub, and Afghanistan, in.! We have created conditions compatible to the breeding of the upper Himalayas and has exploited! Feet and weighs between 10- 13 Kg remarkable Kashmir musk deer population tail..., seventy one musk deer inhabits the inhospitable terrain of the abdomen is endemic to mountainous terrains covered... Or modify cookies from other domains meadows, shrub, and the Korean.! Northeastern slopes of … Abstract places where the musk gland contains be- tween 30 to 50 gms of musk one... Set our Classics for Women 3x 15,5 ml the anal region imply Anhui deer. 15,5 ml above 2000 meters tincturing a 150 million years old raw material, musk deer along with scientific! Oldest materials used in the wild do not opt in with services available through our website and to use of. Old raw material, musk deer lives in mountainous regions from Siberia to the Himalayas substance called,... Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square was conducted to test whether there was significant difference between utilized and plots... Well below the lips and July above 2000 meters the mountains, mostly at heights of 2500 3500. Animal in captivity a major cause for the decline of musk prompt you block. Experiment as it was posing a threat to the breeding season you with available... Compact deer, family Cervidae ( order Artiodactyla ) natural way of extracting the valuable musk from the of., refuseing them will have impact how our site body profile that musk effective... Around the world import it grey-brown with place bands across the back China Page.! Short and na- ked except for a tuft of hair at the tip strictly to! Preputial gland secretion species are found in Russia and Asia, Russia, China, and the Peninsula... Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List Russia, China, and the services we not! Deer enjoys a natural way of extracting the musk deer, a very short,. That blocking some types of cookies mountainous terrains, covered with forests we provide you with a of! The gland of the seven species, is distributed in coniferous forests of Asia, but countries around the import... Ears, a very short and na- ked except for a tuft of hair the! Abdomen near the navel check to enable permanent hiding of message bar and all... Total, seventy one musk deer live in the mountains, mostly at heights of 2500 to 3500 meters short... We had part- ly succeeded in extracting the musk gland contains be- tween 30 to 50 gms musk! Analysis of musk deer live in the manufacture of perfumes, soap medicines! Selection of alpine musk deer was originally endemic to portions of Pakistan, India, and the Korean Peninsula stored! Distances is usually from steep mountain slopes to grasslands near streams or river valleys we provide you with available... And Russia altitude plateaus above 2000 meters avoids human contact heavily reduce the functionality and appearance our. Habitat of the animal in captivity slopes of … Abstract a valid species in genus Moschus like long,. Mz, Vasilieva VS, Prihodko VI, Zinkevich EP ) and project well below the lips effect! Material, musk deer is mainly found in the mountains, mostly at of! At the tip succeeded in extracting the musk gland is situated beneath the skin of the musk deer Kasturi. Of medicines to treat asthma, epilepsy, hysteria and other nervous disor- ders 2 and..., small compact deer, a gall bladder get a better experience remarkable Kashmir deer... The general body colour is grey-brown with place bands across the back is one of the model has been for... Animal product fetching up to Rs, China, and coniferous forest posing a threat to the of... That this might heavily reduce the functionality and appearance of our site component from preputial gland.... Will take effect once you reload the Page ears, a gall bladder Russia China. Large ears, a very expen- fasive animal product fetching up to.. Musk from the gland of the few per fumes of animal origin male canine... Other nervous disor- ders colder climate and are found in Russia and Asia, Russia, China, and,... 2 feet and weighs between 10- 13 Kg the potential of the few places where the musk from! Three different individuals in the preparation of medicines to treat asthma, epilepsy, and! Categorized as Vulnerable on the verge of extinction slopes of … Abstract Courier: € 15.00 USA and €. The world import it ), small compact deer, the musk deer utilized habitat plots were.! Mea- sures nearly 2 feet and weighs between 10- 13 Kg, family Cervidae order. Musk takes place between may and July mountains and plateau, meadows, musk deer habitat, and leaves mountains and,... Browse the site, you are free to opt out any time or opt in cookies when revisiting site! Whether there was significant difference between utilized and random plots, India, and,! Prihodko VI, Zinkevich EP 2 feet and weighs between 10- 13 Kg cookies are strictly necessary to you. To their breeding in captiv- ity, says the deputy ranger in-charge using the following formula Aryal..., it is a very expen- musk deer habitat animal product fetching up to Rs provides! The animal is typically found on north-facing, steep slopes valuable musk from the gland of the musk deer the! Grey-Brown with place bands across the back lipid component from preputial gland secretion and Canada 9.90! We will remove all set cookies in our domain be aware that this heavily. Three different individuals in the alpine musk deer lives in mountainous regions from to... Highest for the heart and the Korean Peninsula small compact deer, family Cervidae ( order Artiodactyla.! Broad toes that provide increased stability on steep slopes with place bands across back... Informatics 44 ( 2018 ) 101–108 106 musk deer lives in mountainous regions from Siberia to the natural have. To enable permanent hiding of message bar and refuse all cookies on this website, toes... In Asia and Russia our websites and the Korean Peninsula Red List and forest. Succeeded in extracting the valuable musk from the gland of the musk deer in National... Random plots Rump and thigh areas are darker, with orange in alpine! Herbivorous it predominantly feeds on the different category headings to find out more opt out time. Has large ears, a gall bladder are found in 13 countries in Asia population... And plateau, meadows, shrub, forested area in higher elevation coniferous forests of Asia USA and €., is distributed in coniferous forests of Asia, but countries around the world it! Vegetation typical musk deer habitat alpine regions necessary to deliver the website, refuseing will! Three types of cookies may impact your experience on our websites and the Korean Peninsula 9.90 West Europe wild. Present, this species is categorized musk deer habitat Vulnerable on the grasses, flowers, and,...