The great majority indicated they intend to make significant changes to their businesses in order to take maximum advantage of 5G when it arrives. Third, it is made real: it is a core that meets stringent reliability & quality requirements, because it is created & delivered by Nokia with its broad portfolio and global experience, including hundreds of cloud deployments and dozens of Standalone 5G Core customers. While the devices typically have a long lifespan, services and software need to scale and be swapped out relatively quickly to address new business opportunities. Further, with regard to security, non-SIM-based authentication (AAA) and enterprise managed devices (identity management outside the network or beyond the operator's control) are envisaged. From a business perspective, it is recommended that mMTC is separated from the eMBB network instance in order to simplify the subscription management and Business Support System (BSS) due to different business and go-to-market models. Option 1: for service providers), with existing NFVI platforms, an easy way to start with cloud-native applications or cloud- native network functions, (CNFs) is to add a container as a service (CaaS) platform on top of the exiting VIM (see Figure 4). Ericsson on Thursday said KDDI will use the vendor’s cloud-native dual-mode 5G core to launch standalone 5G services in its network in Japan. With the dawn of the 5G era, new use cases for the technology are emerging as consumers and enterprises set to work on identifying processes and channels that will boost the efficiency of their lives and their business. Build a 5G network that is cost-efficient, simplified, and trustworthy. For example, if applications, infrastructure and orchestration all follow cloud-native design patterns, yet the ways of working and organizational setup and model does not take advantage of the cloud-native setup, the full potential will not be reached. The first, massive numbers of geographically dispersed devices, requires the mMTC (Massive IoT) service. Automated pipelines have the potential to solve many challenges of the software life cycle. Application resiliency. Under the deal, Ericsson will expand and enhance T-Mobile’s 5G coverage by supplying equipment, software, and related services from its Ericsson Radio System portfolio, including active and passive antennas, deploy low-band for improved indoor and outdoor coverage. Thereafter, a newly created slice can be locally managed by the slice owner who will perceive the network slice as his or her own network complete with transport nodes, processing and storage. This means that Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF)-certified Kubernetes will be deployed in virtual machines over an Openstack-based infrastructure as a service (IaaS). A VDC is a collection of virtual machines, virtual network connectivity and associated storage that regards the infrastructure applications as a data center. T-Mobile’s 5G buildout also includes 5G standalone architecture, voice over new radio, new radio carrier aggregation, network slicing and multi-user massive MIMO. What’s notable here is the recurring costs for life cycle management (LCM) of the stack where the open source software is upgraded every quarter. Resources can be dedicated exclusively to a single slice or shared between different slices. The traffic running on these VNFs is typically around 30 percent, ranging from 10 to 50 percent depending on type of VNF. The NFV infrastructure is the foundation for 5G Core and 5G applications. Recently, NB-IoT was finalized by the 3GPP in 2016, and it addresses most of these requirements. Like what you’re reading? Based on our experience in deploying 5G Core networks with leading service providers around the globe, the most common scenario is a journey starting with a smaller virtualization with few VNFs, which is expanded to a multi-VNF horizontal NFVI with MANO for multi-vendor VNFs. Broadband to the home bringing fixed wireless access (FWA) to a household by using cellular technologies the over last mile, while a router usually provides indoor access. Connectivity and bandwidth are more uniform over the coverage area, and performance degrades gradually as the number of users increases. This means that the telecoms software pipeline needs to support three phases: continuous integration, continuous delivery and continuous deployment (CI/CD/CD) – rather than two (CI/CD). Automated procedures will be required to cope with this.Fig 2. To conclude, the evolution to 5G standalone will require a cloud-native infrastructure. That will include Ericsson’s new Cloud RAN application software – Cloud RAN distributed unit (DU) and Cloud RAN centralized unit (CU), enabling … They are mostly static and largely generate traffic on the uplink. For that reason, 5G systems will be built in the form of programmable platforms that provide functionality on an "as-a-service" basis. A detailed explanation of the requirements can be found in [3-7]. See here for deeper details. As the process unfolds, global partnerships will prove essential to enabling a cross-industry engagement in defining and building the 5G system, AAA authentication, authorization and accounting, eMBB extreme or enhanced mobile broadband, PCF policy control functionRAN radio access network, URLLC ultra-reliable low-latency communications, [1] Ericsson, "Opportunities in 5G: The View from Eight Industries", 2016, [2] Afif Osseiran, Jose F. Monserrat and Patrick Marsch, 5G Mobile and Wireless Communications Technology, Cambridge University Press, 2016, [3] ICT-317669 METIS project, "Scenarios, requirements and KPIs for 5G mobile and wireless system," Deliverable D1.1, April 2013, [4] ICT-317669 METIS project, "Updated scenarios, requirements and KPIs for 5G mobile and wireless system with recommendations for future investigations," Deliverable D1.5, April 2015, [5] NGMN Alliance, "NGMN 5G White paper," February 2015. These properties are required to enable new business models that can rapidly generate new revenue … [7] International Telecommunications Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU R), "Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond," Recommendation ITU-R M.2083, September 2015, [8] Lars Frid et al., "A vision of the 5G Core," Ericsson Technology Review, vol. This also enables solution support of the entire cloud infrastructure stack through a single interface. The 5G system will fully support the concept of network programmability for all types of services. One is that applications must be able to run on different infrastructures as most service providers have bespoke configurations. 93 no. (CaaS) platform on top of the exiting VIM (see Figure 4). Most of these devices are characterized by low cost/ complexity (half duplex, low power, single antenna), long battery life (more than 10 years) and have significantly improved coverage (a 15-20dB better link margin than LTE). Through staging multi-vendor systems in multiple phases, the increase in network and system complexity can be mitigated and the cost of integration can be managed.Fig 6. Because 5G is big. The main technology techniques required to provide an mMTC service are Extended DRX (to extend the battery life), time repetition (to improve the coverage), enterprise managed devices (identity management outside the network/operator control), and E2E security for payload data. Replacement of landlines. This cross-industry transformation has created a need to evolve wireless connectivity for the fifth generation of mobile technology. There are different types of resources such as computing, storage, access equipment, transport, VNFs, and so on. Since 2012 and the start of the virtualization of network functions, the industry has worked hard to get working solutions, and now we see live commercial systems that work well. to enable scaling, healing and in-service updates and upgrades. Media on demand supports an individual user's desire to be able to enjoy media content (such as audio and video) anytime and anywhere. We foresee that the same type of telecoms cloud, based on ETSI NFV, will also be used in the evolution to cloud native. It may be a question of devices connected to parking meters in a city, or asset tracking in an industrial site, for example. Much wider bandwidth. In the telecommunication industry, a cloud-native application or function (CNA /CNF) needs to be agnostic to the underlying infrastructure. The second category of application being addressed is that of cMTC, which is also called Critical IoT. Automated and optimized workload placement across distributed data centers in a multi-domain, multi-technology and multi-vendor environment. Meet OpenRAN: open architecture at the convergence of 5G, cloud native and the edge - SiliconANGLE [the voice of enterprise and emerging tech] search. Another example is the case of media distribution, where the media delivery may be optimized for bandwidth, latency and cost by deploying a content distribution network very close to the edge. The technique of network slicing allows for the definition of multiple logical networks (or slices) on top of the same physical infrastructure. Consequently, a high degree of automation and coordination within and cross network domains will be required. Read the previous articles of the serie:​, Building a cloud native 5G Core: the guide series, Your guide to evolving to 5G Core with full efficiency, Your guide to enabling voice services in 5G networks, Your guide to 5G network automation and zero touch, You guide to transforming network operations on the journey to 5G, Your guide to end-to-end security when introducing 5G core. In particular, there will be a need to: An example of the high-level architecture of the cMTC service is shown at the bottom of Figure 3, where the UP and CP have been placed on the BS site along with a "duplication" of some the core functions such the PCF and SDM. Network slicing can be used for several purposes: a complete private network, a copy of a public network to test a new service, or a dedicated network for a specific service. Many administrations seem to equate 5G with bands above 24GHz. advanced multi-antenna technologies such as massive MIMO and beamforming with phased antenna arrays, ultra-lean transmission to reduce interference caused by common signaling resources and to maximize resource efficiency, flexible duplex in certain isolated local network deployments, access/backhaul integration, where access and (wireless) backhaul share the same technology and the same overall spectrum pool, well-integrated device-to-device communication, support for various industries extending network resource differentiation into the transport network, proactive congestion management, enabling transport aware RAN load balancing for improved user QoE, securing fairness between radio technologies within the transport network, push application processing to the mobile edge, or potentially have local deployment – for example, local break-out in the factory where parts of the core network such as the PCF, UP, CP and SDM are placed or duplicated to support standalone system operation, provide a robust radio perimeter security. Ericsson technology will help T-Mobile develop and implement 5G use cases and improve 5G spectral efficiency. As a natural evolution of current network architecture, broken up into building blocks through access, transport, cloud (including SDN and NFV), network applications and management (including orchestration and automation), 5G systems will provide a higher level of abstraction that will simplify the management. Security and privacy in 5G networks will be characterized by new trust and service delivery models, an evolved threat landscape, and increased privacy concerns. Advanced antenna technology. The ultra-low latency for the cMTC service will have implications for the 5G architecture functions. It will also support KDDI’s recently announced enterprise-focused KDDI 5G Business Co-creation Alliance, in which Ericsson is a partner. This will require a shift to cloud-native technologies, which require a new cloud-native infrastructure to carry cloud-native functions and applications. This new 5G SA network will allow service providers to address multiple vertical services for industries and enterprises and to explore new business opportunities. Autonomous vehicle control enables an increase in autonomous driving, assisting humans, for instance, and bringing a number of benefits such as an improvement in traffic safety, increased productivity, improved quality of life and so on. While higher network and device complexity is more readily acceptable in critical communication, mMTC will have to address cyber-security assurance with low-complexity devices. This enables high quality voice services utilizing VoLTE in the SA architecture while the industry is fully developing voice over new radio (VoNR) 5G technology. Instead of designing applications with integral aspects and functions, applications rather use services offered by the cloud PaaS. Virtual and augmented reality enable users to interact with one another as if they are in the same location. The Swiss operator recently carried out live 5G SA voice and data calls using Voice over New Radio (VoNR) and carrier aggregation along with Ericsson Spectrum Sharing. Careful attention will need to be paid to security in the case of both mMTC and cMTC. Please see below for more information on 3GPP 5GC which is part of Release 16 and as yet has not been submitted to … E2E orchestration is needed to match external business offerings with network efficiency. Remote medical examination and surgery enables very low latency for telehaptic control so the surgeon gets tactile feedback that is designed to be indistinguishable from or better than manual operative techniques. The basic architecture for mMTC looks simple. This solution has no VIM and instead the Kubernetes-based, CaaS platform runs directly on the underlaying hardware. In practical terms, one of the most significant challenges will be to support cMTC business services where high-grade network slices need to provide the required levels of availability, robustness and resilience to attacks. Service providers are starting to change their operations organizations. They all influence each other, and so none of them should be overlooked at any point in time. In cloud-deployed systems, orchestration is needed to arrange and coordinate automated tasks and allocated resources through centralized management. Secondly, the number of potential combinations within and between the layers with products from many vendors’ open source software. Fig. Stadium networks can offer audiences a blend of physical and virtual experiences during concerts and sporting events, and allow crowd sourcing through the sharing of personal points of view. This will allow to optimize the access to applications in terms of capacity and latency, assuming service applications are distributed as well. Per the recent collaboration, the 5G data and voice calls were made on Ericsson’s 5G infrastructure and harnessed the next-gen technology of Oppo … Examples of such coordination include: Network functions (as well as other types of applications) in 5G will increasingly be deployed as virtualized software instances running in data centers. A high level of interworking between LTE evolution and new radio access technologies is needed to ensure that 5G functionality can be introduced smoothly and over a long transition period. In this paper, the 5G use cases and their respective requirements are outlined first. A new use of dual connectivity has also been applied to use LTE/eLTE and NR as the master or secondary radio access technology (RAT) in different combinations. 2, 2016, etr-5G-core-vision.pdf, [9] Peter Öhlén et al., "FLEXIBILITY IN 5G TRANSPORT NETWORKS," Ericsson Technology Review, vol. In addition, microservices communicate through well-defined and version-controlled network-based interfaces. The cloud will offer an increasing number of comprehensive platforms as a service (PaaS) to make it easy to develop new applications. In particular, a software configurable purpose built architecture [9], [10] and [11] with flexible deployment alternatives will be needed to provide the required overall cost efficiency. Cloud-native applications are automated, thereby automating the life cycle of the internal microservices that make up the application through service discovery, load distribution etc. User plane aggregation between LTE and any new radio technology such as NR is another example of this high level of interworking. Consequently, 5G will be the major enabler of the Internet of Things and the Networked Society. As shown in the following image, the system model of 5G is entirely IP based model designed for the wireless and mobile networks. In addition to providing bulk connectivity for the operator's mobile network fronthaul and backhaul, the transport domain may offer different types of customer facing connectivity services, such as a Layer 2 or Layer 3 VPN. Stay tuned for the coming blog posts which will  dive into other key topic areas. A digital transformation, enabled by mobility, cloud and broadband, is taking place in almost every industry, disrupting and making us rethink our ways of working. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., Ericsson, Swisscom and Oppo today announced a major step forward in the commercialization of 5G in Europe, demonstrating 5G New Radio Carrier Aggregation across FDD and TDD* bands along with 5G voice over a commercial 5G standalone network at … Emergency communication needs a reliable network that can help with the search and rescue of humans, and the identification and rectification of catastrophic problems involving machinery – even if parts of a network have been damaged in a disaster. The high data capacity and low latency requirements of virtual reality will require a separation of the control and user data plane where the user plane is being distributed closer to the user (for example, the UP is placed in the access site while the CP is kept in the primary data center), as illustrated in the middle of Figure 3. The move to 5G New Radio (NR) standalone (SA) is necessary to support new advanced 5G services. Here, we explain how to evolve to a cloud-native infrastructure. Such a system can sense data, analyze it, make decisions, and control actuation – providing surveillance, for example, or implementing distributed feedback control and monitoring critical components, and so on. We have seen management and orchestration (MANO) solutions evolve from the basic VNF manager (VNFM) to more advanced, extended VNFM plus cloud orchestration (NFVO), and we also see early end-to-end service orchestration deployments. The cloud allows infrastructure to scale in or out and automatically; in other words, when an application needs more resources, the cloud automatically spins up another instance of that application, and removes an instance when load decreases. Shopping malls can allow delivery of personalized shopping experiences. The third is factory automation, and this is realized by the cMTC (Critical IoT) service. Further, the radio access technology functionality is divided between the antenna location (RF part) and BS site (BB part), representing the split architecture in 5G RAN [11]. The Cisco cloud-to-client approach unifies multivendor mobile solutions into an open, cloud-native architecture so you can deploy services your customers want, when and where they need them. To illustrate the flexibility of the 5G system architecture, the realization of three use cases will be considered, each corresponding to a different 5G service. Further, management will be applied from an end-to-end perspective: that is, from the network to the business-to-business interfaces (for partners and customers, for example) to automate the full lifecycle management of network resources, services and products, and to support more complex value chains where an increasing number of players are assuming different roles. 5G Wiki - must have a wikipedia link ;-0. A service can be flexibly allocated anywhere in the network, at a network node, end-user device or external host. Lets know basics about 5G. The other functions such as SDM, operations support systems (OSS) and policy control function (PCF) will be executed in the primary data center. With Ericsson Radio System products already deployed in parts of Telefónica Spain’s network, fast, flexible, and cost-efficient 5G activation is made easier. The 5G system will imply major changes in the implementation and deployment of networking infrastructure, based on software-defined networking (SDN) and network functions virtualization (NFV). Ericsson’s dual-mode 5G Core will allow the Japanese operator to support the development of new 5G use cases for mobile broadband users, enterprises and industry partners. In addition to this, the infrastructure application may be deployed in a virtual data center (DC) that is distributed between many physical data centers. Otherwise known as Massive IoT, mMTC is designed to provide wide area coverage and deep penetration for hundreds of thousands of devices per square kilometer of coverage. A recent report by Ericsson [1] shows that "A small majority of European and North American operators believed 5G will be more consumer-driven, while a similar majority in Asia Pacific and Central and Latin America expected 5G to be more business-driven." State-optimized design. 3 Option 1, adding CaaS on top of the VIM to the current NFVI.Fig 4. Although they’ve has been adopted among public cloud and IT players for some time, there are some different challenges for the telecoms industry. Many of the devices supported are battery powered or driven by alternative energy supplies, have small payloads, and might rarely be active, so they tend to be relatively delay tolerant for the most part. for those with stable working horizontal cloud platforms with many VNFs as it offers an easy evolution to SA 5G core, multi-vendor VNF and CNF with full MANO and security. SDN is about the separation of the network control traffic (control plane) and the user specific traffic (data plane). These properties are required to enable new business models that can rapidly generate new revenue opportunities. The factory automation use case requires cMTC services. One key component of 5G radio access is an innovative air interface called New Radio (NR), which is designed primarily for new spectrum bands. A microservice architecture allows independent scaling, based on the need by each microservice. 2019 is the early stage of 5G deployment. This has created a platform both in terms of technology and learnings to take the next step and evolve telecoms cloud infrastructure to run cloud-native applications. Table 1 summarizes some of the most important requirements for each use case. These are sometimes referred to as ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) requirements. Such events include sports tournaments, exhibitions, concerts, festivals, fireworks displays and so on. The 5G use cases can be classified in terms of requirements for three essential types of communication with vastly different objectives: massive machine type communication (mMTC), critical MTC, and extreme or enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB). We also cover the Ericsson framework for cloud-native design and operations. It is also beneficial for independent operations and lifecycle management of each network slice. This does not necessarily apply to the traditional cloud native players, like Netflix and Uber, as they control the full stack that they deploy their application on. Ericsson DMP is your key to Digital BSS innovation. In the following, we will explain the main architectural components of each case. 5G RAN technology puts new requirements on the bandwidth and latency of transport networks. Passengers traveling in a high-speed train are able to utilize the travel time for leisure or business activities while enjoying a user experience of the same quality as when they are either stationary or moving at a much slower speed. Exploration of the corresponding business cases – in sectors such as agriculture, automotive, construction, energy, finance, health, manufacturing, media, retail and transport – is therefore critical to ensure that 5G standards ultimately meet the needs of the targeted customer base. We believe this will be the long-term solution, as it simplifies the architecture and uses the underlaying hardware more efficiently, with significant total cost of ownership (TCO) savings. In addition, the mobility tracking can further increase the burden on the network. The second is virtual reality, and will use the 5G eMBB service. The goal is to expand the broadband capability of mobile networks, and to provide specific capabilities for consumers and for various industries and society at large unleashing the potential of the Internet of Things. New applications are increasingly designed to be cloud native. The first low-band SA 5G voice call using Evolved Packet System (EPS) fallback to VoLTE with Cisco, Ericsson, MediaTek and Nokia. This is an attractive alternative for those with stable working horizontal cloud platforms with many VNFs as it offers an easy evolution to SA 5G core, multi-vendor VNF and CNF with full MANO and security. It may also be an alternative for those that still don’t have a unified virtualized core to expand upon. The 5G SA architecture will enable new opportunities for innovation for use cases such as augmented- and virtual reality (AR/VR), smart factories, and connected vehicles. Please sign up for email updates on your favorite topics. It is an incremental process, enhancing the current network in a step-by-step fashion. It may also be an alternative for those that still don’t have a unified virtualized core to expand upon. With 5G, the idea is to build a single infrastructure for all types of IoT and enhanced mobile broadband services, ranging from gaming or highly demanding automated manufacturing, to low traffic sensors. The evolution to the cloud-native 5G Core is a major technology shift for the core network architecture of mobile and eventually fixed networks. Before discussing 5G Stand alone Vs non standalone. LTE will of course continue to evolve, including advancements such as LTE-M and narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), and will be an important part of the overall 5G wireless access solution. The system comprising of a main user terminal and then a number of independent and autonomous radio access technologies. The stability of telecoms cloud platforms has been a challenge for the industry in past years, but has now reached a good maturity level. In the telecommunications sector, many operators and vendors are embracing cloud native technologies. The transport networks are connected via backbone nodes that carry the information from the access nodes to the data centers where most of the data is stored and the network is managed. Option 2, Run CNFs over CaaS on bare metal. Others are building larger horizontal telecom clouds, which are able to run multiple VNFs from multiple vendors. This may be associated with cloud robotics. a simpler architecture which gives better application performance and is easier to man, cycle of the internal microservices that make up the application through service discovery, load distribution, must expose performance and fault management information to an external management system, Redefine customer experience in real time. Sector, many operators and vendors are embracing cloud native transformation journey and deployment options Alliance in. Intend to make significant changes to their businesses in order to take maximum advantage of 5G the! 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